School Manual

COVID-19 School Manual
(Updated 2/2021)

Schools are not only a place of learning for students, but workplaces for teachers and employees. This manual provides public health recommendations to help make informed decisions to protect students, teachers, and employees.

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Example scenarios for schools

• A teacher tests positive for COVID-19. The teacher and the students in her class were wearing face masks at the time of the exposure.
• A student tests positive for COVID-19 and was not wearing a face mask at the time of the exposure.
• A student lives with someone who tests positive for COVID-19.
• A student who already had COVID-19 in the last 90 days is exposed again.
• A student had COVID-19 more than 90 days ago and is exposed again.
• A student is exposed in his personal life to someone who tested positive for COVID-19.
• A school employee is exposed to someone in his personal life who tested positive for COVID-19.
• A student lives with someone who is quarantined.
• A high school provides “Test to Play” testing for students who participate in extracurricular activities.
• A school meets the school outbreak threshold.

What happens if students or school staff test positive for COVID-19?

Students, teachers, or school staff should isolate right away if they test positive for COVID-19. This means to stay home except to get medical care. You should not go to school or work.

If you’ve tested positive, you should isolate until you have been:

• Fever-free for 24 hours, and
• Your respiratory symptoms have improved for 24 hours, and
• It has been at least 10 days since you first got sick.
• If you did not have symptoms, you should isolate for 10 days from the day you were tested.

What happens if students or school staff are exposed to someone with COVID-19?

You are at an increased risk of getting infected and infecting others if you have been in close contact with someone who tests positive for COVID-19.

Close contact¹ means you were closer than 6 feet or 2 meters (about 2 arm lengths) from someone who tested positive for COVID-19 for a total of 15 minutes or longer within a 24-hour period². You may also have a close contact exposure if:

• You cared for someone at home who is sick with COVID-19.
• You had direct physical contact with the person who has COVID-19 (hugged or kissed them).
• You shared eating or drinking utensils with a person who has COVID-19.
• The person who has COVID-19 sneezed, coughed, or somehow got respiratory droplets on you.

If you were in close contact with someone who has COVID-19, up to 2 days before he or she had symptoms, you were exposed to the virus and should quarantine. Even if the person who has COVID-19 didn’t have any symptoms, he or she is infectious up to 2 days before they were tested.

1 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/quarantine.html
2 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/appendix.html#contact

How long do students and school staff have to quarantine?

These guidelines only apply to exposures that occur at school. They are not intended for use by institutions of higher education or child care settings. The guidelines DO NOT apply if you live with someone who has COVID-19 or are exposed outside of the school setting.

If both people wore masks at the time of exposure

Students, teachers, or school staff who were exposed to someone with COVID-19 do not have to quarantine if:

• The school can verify that both people were wearing face masks (the person who was exposed and the person who tested positive) as defined by State Public Health Order 2020-11, and
• The person who was exposed does not have any symptoms of COVID-19.

If at any time during the 14 days after their exposure a person develops symptoms of COVID-19, he or she should isolate and get tested right away. If the person does not have symptoms, he or she should wait 7 days after they were exposed to get tested.

If both people were NOT wearing masks at the time of exposure

Students, teachers, or school staff who were not wearing a mask at the time of exposure or who were exposed to someone who was not wearing a mask may end quarantine:

• On day 10 without testing. If you don’t have symptoms of COVID-19, you can end quarantine 10 days after the last time you had close contact with the person who tested positive.
• On day 7 with a negative test result. You can get tested on day 7 of your quarantine. You can end quarantine if your test is negative and you do not have any symptoms of COVID-19. You must wait at least 7 days after the exposure to be tested. The test can be a PCR or rapid antigen test. You must continue to quarantine until you get your test results back.

You need to watch for symptoms until it has been
14 days since you were exposed to the virus.

There is a small chance you can still get COVID-19. If you have symptoms of COVID-19, you need to isolate at home, call your healthcare provider, and may need to get tested again.

How long do students and school staff have to quarantine if they have a mask exemption or were only wearing a face shield?

Students, teachers, or school staff who were not wearing a mask at the time of exposure or who were exposed to someone who was not wearing a mask may end quarantine:

• On day 10 without testing. If you don’t have symptoms of COVID-19, you can end quarantine 10 days after the last time you had close contact with the person who tested positive.
• On day 7 with a negative test result. You can get tested on day 7 of your quarantine. You can end quarantine if your test is negative and you don’t have any symptoms of COVID-19. You must wait at least 7 days after the exposure to be tested. You must continue to quarantine until you get your test results back.

Anyone who is exposed should watch for symptoms until it has been 14 days after their exposure. There is a small chance he or she can still get COVID-19. If the person has symptoms of COVID-19, he or she should isolate at home, call their healthcare provider, and may need to get tested again.

If students, teachers, or employees live with someone who has COVID-19, how long do they have to quarantine?

If someone you live with tests positive for COVID-19, it is called a household contact. Household contacts are at a much higher risk of getting infected with the virus.

Students, teachers, or school staff who are a household contact should quarantine for 10 days from the last day of exposure to the person who tested positive. You must finish the entire 10-day quarantine, even if you don’t have symptoms or test negative. You may not end quarantine before 10 days.

It can be very hard to stay isolated from people who live in your home. If you live with a person who tests positive for COVID-19, you may keep having exposures and may need to quarantine longer than 10 days. Every time you come into close contact with the person who tested positive while they are infectious, your quarantine starts over because you were exposed to the virus again.

Safety precautions for students and school staff who have been exposed to someone with COVID-19

• Check for symptoms of COVID-19 every day, including taking your temperature if possible. If you do not have a thermometer, check your skin to see if it feels warm or looks red. A helpful booklet called, “What to do if you are on quarantine or isolation,” can be downloaded at https://coronavirus.utah.gov/protect-yourself/.
• Stay home and away from other people as much as possible. Don’t go to school, work, extracurricular activities, religious services, family gatherings, or other activities until your quarantine is over or you have met the testing requirements to end quarantine early.
• Wear a face mask if you need to leave your home for essential errands like getting groceries or to get medical care. Only leave your home if you have to.
• Limit the number of visitors to your home. This is especially important if you or someone you live with is at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.
• Clean surfaces that you touch often with your hands (phones, doorknobs, light switches, toilet handles, sink handles, countertops, and anything metal).
• Wash your hands with soap and water often. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that is at least 60% alcohol.
• Open the windows as much as you can to improve the ventilation and increase air exchanges in rooms.
• Do not share food or utensils with other people.
• Do not share personal items like a toothbrush with other people.

Test to Stay (testing for school outbreaks)

When a school meets the outbreak thresholds outlined in the COVID-19 School Manual, the local education authority (LEA) in consultation with the local health department can decide to either:

• Offer rapid antigen testing for all students and staff, or
• Take other actions decided upon by the LEA to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 consistent with public health guidance.

Students who are offered rapid antigen testing:

• Must isolate at home if they test positive.
• May continue in-person learning if they test negative.

Students who choose not to get tested should move to virtual or remote learning
for at least 10 days if:

• Fewer than 60% of students in the school participate in the testing event, or
• The percent of positive tests among those who participated in the testing event (called percent positivity) is 2.5% or greater.

A student with special healthcare needs who is unable to participate in testing because of chronic physical, mental, or behavioral limitations or are unable to use a different type of test, can continue to attend school in-person if his or her parents request it.

Teachers and staff are expected to continue their normal job duties in-person if they choose not to get tested or test negative. They should isolate at home if they test positive or follow quarantine guidelines if they were exposed to COVID-19.

Contact tracing will be done for anyone who tests positive.

Students, teachers, or staff who are exposed to a person who tests positive should follow the quarantine guidelines found here.

• You don’t have to quarantine if both you and the person who tested positive were at school and were both wearing masks at the time of the exposure. The person who tested positive needs to isolate for at least 10 days, even if you were both wearing a mask.
• You need to quarantine if you were exposed at school, and either you or the person who tested positive were not wearing masks. You may end quarantine on day 10 without testing, or on day 7 with a negative test result. There may be certain situations where you may need to get a 2nd test before you can return to school before day 10.

The “Test to Stay” option has different timeframes for when a person who tests positive should start isolation. If you test positive as part of “Test to Stay,” your isolation begins the day you are tested, not when your symptoms begin. You must isolate even if you don’t get symptoms. The health department will determine the dates close contacts were exposed and when quarantine begins.

Test to Play (testing for high school extracurricular activities)

Students, teachers, and school staff may participate in extracurricular activities if they:

• Are tested for COVID-19 at least once every 14 days. The test can be a PCR or rapid antigen test.
• Are not in isolation or quarantine.
• Don’t have any symptoms of COVID-19.

Extracurricular activities that are held one time, like a school dance, are also included in the Test to Play requirements. This means participants of a one-time extracurricular activity are required to get tested for COVID-19 within 2 days of the start of the event.

You are expected to wear a mask at all times during extracurricular activities, unless you are engaged in competition play that requires heavy physical exertion or if wearing a mask could be dangerous (like swimming in a pool). You are also expected to physical distance as much as possible during extracurricular activities. This means to stay at least 6 feet or 2 meters (about 2 arm lengths) away from other people as much as possible.

Participants:

• Must isolate at home if they test positive.
• May participate in the extracurricular activity if they test negative, are not in isolation or quarantine, and do not have any symptoms of COVID-19.
• Who choose not to get tested will be unable to participate in the extracurricular activity.

Schools may also provide testing to any teacher or staff who want to get tested but are not involved in extracurricular activities as part of the “Test to Play” program.

Positive test results from the Test to Play events do NOT count toward a school outbreak threshold.

Contact tracing will be done for anyone who tests positive. 

Students, teachers, or staff who are exposed to a person who tests positive should follow the quarantine guidelines here.

• You don’t have to quarantine if both you and the person who tested positive were at school and were both wearing masks at the time of the exposure. The person who tested positive needs to isolate for at least 10 days, even if you were both wearing a mask.
• You need to quarantine if you were exposed at school, but either you or the person who tested positive were not wearing masks. You may end quarantine on day 10 without testing, or on day 7 with a negative test result. There may be certain situations where you may need to get a 2nd test before you can return to school before day 10. 

The “Test to Play” option has different timeframes for when a person who tests positive should start isolation. If you test positive as part of “Test to Play,” your isolation begins the day you are tested, not when your symptoms begin. You must isolate even if you don’t get symptoms. The health department will determine the dates close contacts were exposed and when quarantine begins.

Getting vaccinated will help keep you, your family, and your community healthy and safe. 

At 95% efficacy, the vaccine is extraordinarily effective at protecting you from the virus. By getting vaccinated, you can end the damage to the economy, prevent more illnesses and deaths in America, and eliminate and eradicate COVID-19.

Do I have to get tested for the Test to Play or Test to Stay school testing protocols if I’ve been vaccinated?

You are considered immune, or protected from the virus, 2 weeks after your 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. If you were exposed to the virus before you had the chance to get your 2nd dose of the vaccine, or were exposed before your body developed full immunity, you can still get sick with COVID-19. 

Most K-12 students won’t be able to get vaccinated because they are too young to receive the vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines are only approved for people 16 years of age and older. The Pfizer vaccine is approved for people 16 years of age and older. The Moderna vaccine is approved for people 18 years of age and older. Right now, school testing protocols (like Test to Play and Test to Stay) will most likely only impact school staff and teachers.

Do students, teachers, or school staff still need to quarantine if they are exposed to COVID-19 after being vaccinated?

You are considered immune, or protected from the virus, 2 weeks after you receive your 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. If you were exposed to the virus before you had the chance to get your 2nd dose of the vaccine, or were exposed before your body developed full immunity, you can still get sick with COVID-19. 

Most students won’t be able to get vaccinated because they are too young to receive the vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines are only approved for people 16 years of age and older. The Pfizer vaccine is approved for people 16 years of age and older. The Moderna vaccine is approved for people 18 years of age and older. Right now, these guidelines will most likely only impact school staff and teachers.

Do students, teachers, or school staff still need to get tested if they develop symptoms of COVID-19 after being vaccinated?

You are considered immune, or protected from the virus, 2 weeks after your 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. If you were exposed to the virus before you had the chance to get your 2nd shot, or were exposed before your body developed full immunity, you can still get sick with COVID-19.

What to do if you have symptoms of COVID-19:

Do students, teachers, or school staff still need to isolate if they test positive for COVID-19 after being vaccinated?

Yes. You should isolate if you test positive or have symptoms of COVID-19, even if you have gotten both doses of the vaccine. This is a good thing to do anytime you feel sick, so others don’t get sick too. We know COVID-19 vaccines keep you from getting sick or having severe illness. However, we don’t know yet if the vaccine will keep you from getting the virus altogether. This means there may be a chance you could still get the virus and spread it to other people, even if you never get symptoms. 

The COVID-19 vaccine is not a cure and won’t lower your risk right away. It usually takes 1-2 weeks after you get vaccinated  for your body to start to create an immune response. You are considered fully immune, or protected from COVID-19, 2 weeks after your 2nd dose of the vaccine. Your body starts to create an immune response after the 1st dose, but you need 2 doses to be completely protected. This means it’s still possible for you to be infected with COVID-19 just before or after you are vaccinated, or between doses. You can still get sick at these times because the vaccine didn’t  have enough time to protect you. 

It’s likely recommendations for isolation, quarantine, and testing will change as we learn more about COVID-19 vaccines.